1. “Top antidepressant drugs in the United States based on prescriptions dispensed in 2011-2012” Statista Pharmaceutical Products and Market Report [cited 2022 July 27]
2. Hillhouse TM, Porter JH. A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: from monoamines to glutamate. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;23(1):1-21. doi:10.1037/a0038550 [cited 2022 July 27]
3. Van Voorhees BW, Smith S, Ewigman B. Treat depressed teens with medication and psychotherapy. J Fam Pract. 2008;57(11):735-9a. [cited 2022 July 27]
4. National Center for Health Statistics, Therapeutic Drug Use [cited 2022 July 27]
5. Stevens DL. Chronic fatigue. West J Med. 2001;175(5):315-319. doi:10.1136/ewjm.175.5.315 [cited 2022 July 27]
6. Grandjean P. Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review. Environ Health. 2019 Dec 19;18(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12940-019-0551-x. PMID: 31856837; PMCID: PMC6923889. [cited 2022 July 27]
7. FDA label Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) 1987 [cited 2022 July 27]
8. Evans EA, Sullivan MA. Abuse and misuse of antidepressants. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2014 Aug 14;5:107-20. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S37917. PMID: 25187753; PMCID: PMC4140701. [cited 2022 July 27]
9. Wilson E, Lader M. A review of the management of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2015;5(6):357-368. doi:10.1177/2045125315612334 [cited 2022 July 27]
10. Henssler J, Heinz A, Brandt L, Bschor T. Antidepressant Withdrawal and Rebound Phenomena. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019;116(20):355-361. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0355 [cited 2022 July 27]
11. Van Geffen EC, Brugman M, Van Hulten R, Bouvy ML, Egberts AC, Heerdink ER. Patients‘ concerns about and problems experienced with discontinuation of antidepressants. Int J Pharm Pract. 2007; 15:291–293. [cited 2022 July 27]
12. Offidani E, Guidi J, Tomba E, Fava GA. Efficacy and tolerability of benzodiazepines versus antidepressants in anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2013;82(6):355-62. doi: 10.1159/000353198. Epub 2013 Sep 20. PMID: 24061211. [cited 2022 July 27]
13. Black K, Shea C, Dursun S, Kutcher S. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: proposed diagnostic criteria. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 May;25(3):255-61. PMID: 10863885; PMCID: PMC1407715. [cited 2022 July 27]
14. Lane RM. SSRI-induced extrapyramidal side-effects and akathisia: implications for treatment. J Psychopharmacol. 1998;12(2):192-214. doi: 10.1177/026988119801200212. PMID: 9694033.[cited 2022 July 27]
15. Lacasse JR, “Serotonin and Depression: A Disconnect between the Advertisements and the Scientific Literature.” PLOS Medicine 2005 Dec; 2(12): e392 [cited 2022 July 27]
16. Danborg PB, Valdersdorf M, Gøtzsche PC. Long-term harms from previous use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: A systematic review. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2019;30(2):59-71. doi: 10.3233/JRS-180046. PMID: 30714974; PMCID: PMC6839490. [cited 2022 July 27]
17. Kirsch I. Antidepressants and the Placebo Effect. Z Psychol. 2014;222(3):128-134. doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000176 [cited 2024 April 29]
18. Fan KY, Liu HC. Delirium Associated With Fluoxetine Discontinuation: A Case Report. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2017 May/Jun;40(3):152-153. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000214. PMID: 28452902. [cited 2022 July 27]
19. Wilson E, Lader M. A review of the management of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2015 Dec;5(6):357-68. doi: 10.1177/2045125315612334. PMID: 26834969; PMCID: PMC4722507. [cited 2022 July 27]
20. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Antidepressant use in children, adolescents, and adults. published online Jan 11, 2017 [cited 2022 July 27]
21. Sharma T, Guski LS, Freund N, Gøtzsche PC. Suicidality and aggression during antidepressant treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses based on clinical study reports. BMJ 2016;352:i65. [cited 2022 July 27]
22. Bielefeldt AØ, Danborg PB, Gøtzsche PC. Precursors to suicidality and violence on antidepressants: systematic review of trials in adult healthy volunteers. J R Soc Med 2016;109:381-392. [cited 2022 July 27]
23. Molero Y, Lichtenstein P, Zetterqvist J, Gumpert CH, Fazel S. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Violent Crime: A Cohort Study. PLoS Med. 2015;12(9):e1001875. Published 2015 Sep 15. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001875 [cited 2022 July 27]
24. Lagerberg T, Fazel S, Molero Y, et al. Associations between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and violent crime in adolescents, young, and older adults – a Swedish register-based study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;36:1-9. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.03.024 [cited 2022 July 27]
25. Moore TJ, Glenmullen J, Furberg CD. Prescription drugs associated with reports of violence towards others. PLoS One. 2010 Dec 15;5(12):e15337. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015337. PMID: 21179515; PMCID: PMC3002271. [cited 2022 July 27]
26. Pesce N, “Anti-anxiety medication prescriptions have spiked 34% during the coronovirrus pandemic.” May 26 2020 Marketwatch Report [cited 2022 July 27]
27. Miron O, Yu KH, Wilf-Miron R, Kohane IS. Suicide Rates Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2000-2017. JAMA. 2019;321(23):2362-2364. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5054 [cited 2022 July 27]
28. Zajecka J, Tracy KA, Mitchell S. Discontinuation symptoms after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a literature review. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;58(7):291-7. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v58n0702. PMID: 9269249.[cited 2022 July 27]
29. Haddad P. Newer antidepressants and the discontinuation syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58 Suppl 7:17-21; discussion 22. PMID: 9219489. [cited 2022 July 27]
30. Akagi H, Kumar TM. Lesson of the week: Akathisia: overlooked at a cost. BMJ. 2002;324(7352):1506-1507. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7352.1506 [cited 2022 July 27]
31. Brambilla P, Cipriani A, Hotopf M, Barbui C. Side-effect profile of fluoxetine in comparison with other SSRIs, tricyclic and newer antidepressants: a meta-analysis of clinical trial data. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005 Mar;38(2):69-77. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837806. PMID: 15744630. [cited 2022 July 27]
32. Voican CS, Corruble E, Naveau S, Perlemuter G. Antidepressant-induced liver injury: a review for clinicians. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Apr;171(4):404-15. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13050709. PMID: 24362450. [cited 2022 July 27]
33. De Picker L, Van Den Eede F, Dumont G, Moorkens G, Sabbe BG. Antidepressants and the risk of hyponatremia: a class-by-class review of literature. Psychosomatics. 2014 Nov-Dec;55(6):536-47. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2014.01.010. Epub 2014 Apr 21. PMID: 25262043. [cited 2022 July 27]
34. Jonsson GW, Moosa MY, Jeenah FY. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and fluoxetine: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Feb;28(1):93-5. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181604015. PMID: 18204349. [cited 2022 July 27]
35. Bloechliger M, Ceschi A, Rüegg S, Kupferschmidt H, Kraehenbuehl S, Jick SS, Meier CR, Bodmer M. Risk of Seizures Associated with Antidepressant Use in Patients with Depressive Disorder: Follow-up Study with a Nested Case-Control Analysis Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Drug Saf. 2016 Apr;39(4):307-21. doi: 10.1007/s40264-015-0363-z. PMID: 26650063. [cited 2022 July 27]
36. Laporte S, Chapelle C, Caillet P, Beyens MN, Bellet F, Delavenne X, Mismetti P, Bertoletti L. Bleeding risk under selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Apr;118:19-32. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.017. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27521835. [cited 2022 July 27]
37. Amsterdam JD, Garcia-España F, Goodman D, Hooper M, Hornig-Rohan M. Breast enlargement during chronic antidepressant therapy. J Affect Disord. 1997 Nov;46(2):151-6. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00086-4. PMID: 9479619. [cited 2022 July 27]
38. Kaufman KR, Podolsky D, Greenman D, Madraswala R. Antidepressant-selective gynecomastia. Ann Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;47(1):e6. doi: 10.1345/aph.1R491. Epub 2013 Jan 16. PMID: 23324513. [cited 2022 July 27]
39. Gerber PE, Lynd LD. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor-induced movement disorders. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 Jun;32(6):692-8. doi: 10.1345/aph.17302. PMID: 9640489. [cited 2022 July 27]
40. Henry C, Sorbara F, Lacoste J, Gindre C, Leboyer M. Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients: identification of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Apr;62(4):249-55. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v62n0406. PMID: 11379838.[cited 2022 July 27]
41. Machado-Vieira R, Baumann J, Wheeler-Castillo C, et al. The Timing of Antidepressant Effects: A Comparison of Diverse Pharmacological and Somatic Treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2010;3(1):19-41. Published 2010 Jan 6. doi:10.3390/ph3010019 [cited 2022 July 27]
42. Gomez R, Huber J, Tombini G, Barros HM. Acute effect of different antidepressants on glycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001 Jan;34(1):57-64. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879×2001000100007. PMID: 11151029. [cited 2023 May 17]
43. Desimone ME, Weinstock RS. Hypoglycemia. [Updated 2018 May 5]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279137/ [cited 2023 May 17]
44. Jacques A, Chaaya N, Beecher K, Ali SA, Belmer A, Bartlett S. The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Aug;103:178-199. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021. Epub 2019 May 21. PMID: 31125634.[cited 2023 May 17]
45. Brambilla P, Cipriani A, Hotopf M, Barbui C. Side-effect profile of fluoxetine in comparison with other SSRIs, tricyclic and newer antidepressants: a meta-analysis of clinical trial data. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005 Mar;38(2):69-77. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837806. PMID: 15744630.[cited 2023 May 17]
46. Schildkrout B. How to Move Beyond the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders/International Classification of Diseases. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016 Oct;204(10):723-727. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000547. PMID: 27748696. [cited 2022 July 27]
47. Harris E, Eng HY, Kowatch R, Delgado SV, Saldaña SN. Disinhibition as a side effect of treatment with fluvoxamine in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010 Aug;20(4):347-53. doi: 10.1089/cap.2009.0126. PMID: 20807074. [cited 2022 July 27]
48. Sarkar S, Varshney M. Yoga and substance use disorders: A narrative review. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017 Feb;25:191-196. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.021. Epub 2016 Nov 5. PMID: 28262148. [cited 2023 Mar 9]
49. Angelopoulou E, Anagnostouli M, Chrousos GP, Bougea A. Massage therapy as a complementary treatment for Parkinson’s disease: A Systematic Literature Review. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Mar;49:102340. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102340. Epub 2020 Feb 6. PMID: 32147033. [cited 2023 May 17]
50. Geoffroy PA, Micoulaud Franchi JA, Lopez R, Schroder CM; membres du consensus Mélatonine SFRMS. The use of melatonin in adult psychiatric disorders: Expert recommendations by the French institute of medical research on sleep (SFRMS). Encephale. 2019 Nov;45(5):413-423. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.04.068. Epub 2019 Jun 24. PMID: 31248601. [cited 2023 May 17]
51. Marcus, M. T., & Zgierska, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based therapies for substance use disorders: part 1. Substance abuse, 30(4), 263–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897070903250027 [cited 2023 May 17]
52. Firth, J., Gangwisch, J. E., Borisini, A., Wootton, R. E., & Mayer, E. A. (2020). Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing?. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 369, m2382. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2382 [cited 2023 May 17]
53. Clapp, M., Aurora, N., Herrera, L., Bhatia, M., Wilen, E., & Wakefield, S. (2017). Gut microbiota’s effect on mental health: The gut-brain axis. Clinics and practice, 7(4), 987. https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2017.987 [cited 2023 May 17]
54. Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. 4, Withdrawal Management. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310652/ [cited 2023 May 17]
55. Oesterle, T. S., Kolla, B., Risma, C. J., Breitinger, S. A., Rakocevic, D. B., Loukianova, L. L., Hall-Flavin, D. K., Gentry, M. T., Rummans, T. A., Chauhan, M., & Gold, M. S. (2020). Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 95(12), 2709–2718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.011 [cited 2023 May 17]
56. Evans EA, Sullivan MA. Abuse and misuse of antidepressants. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2014 Aug 14;5:107-20. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S37917. PMID: 25187753; PMCID: PMC4140701.[cited 2023 May 17]
57. Chiappini S, Vickers-Smith R, Guirguis A, Corkery JM, Martinotti G, Schifano F. A Focus on Abuse/Misuse and Withdrawal Issues with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Analysis of Both the European EMA and the US FAERS Pharmacovigilance Databases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 May 1;15(5):565. doi: 10.3390/ph15050565. PMID: 35631391; PMCID: PMC9146999.[cited 2023 May 17]
58. Hengartner M, Ploderl M, Newer-generation Antidepressants and Suicide Risk …. published in the Journal of Psychotherapy Psychosomatics [published June 4, 2019] [cited 2024 April 29]